Mitosis and The cell cycle and stem cells

Mitosis and the cell cycle are the process in which cells go through to create new cells there are a couple of steps through out the process. First the cells must make copies of DNA. Starting the process of prophase. After this they go into the Metaphase process and the microtubles start to get kinetochore halfway through the spindle poles.   Then they go into the anaphase stage and they start  to line up in center and make new wall, Tubules start to disappear. Telophase New cells are formed two daughter cells now existe.

Stem cells are what contain all the information on how to grow every part in your body. with certain animal they have an unlimited amount of them but we as humans do not. in this other animals this cells that they have in abundace are used to regrow parts that get cut of or what ever may happen.

Meiosis is slightly different from mitosis the first several steps are the same the dna replicates but when it gets to the metaphase and its starting to get to the anaphase stage the cells divide like they would in mitosis  but instead of dividing the cells equally the mother cells go on one side and the father cell goes to the other and the replicated cell starts to bond in the new daughter cells that have been created then they run there cycle over and over.

PKU

(Pku)This stands for Phenylketonuria. This is a disease  that creates some kind of genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the hepatic enzymes. The enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Usually they do screening for this in new born babies. The reason this is so bad is because it can create brain damage and if not taken care of or treated properly its progressiveness will create mental retardation. Later studies said that a healthy diet can help but in recent studies show that  in worse cases you need protein supplements and need to lower phe levels to safe range.

Graphs for lab

In this lab we used 3ml of water and 3ml of peroxide and different numbers of drops of yeast. What we did then was we mixed three different amount of drops in 3 different tubes with the same amount of water and peroxide. We then put a stopper with a pressure sensor on it. and watched the graph rise  we did 3 sets f three the first one had a variable  of different amounts of drops , the second we used different ph levels, and the last on we  had different temperatures. All of these showed different rates of reaction and we Graphed them.The graphs above the the different reaction rates and the amount of prssure put out by these reactions.

rattle snake venom

Rattle snake venom is a very toxic and some times fatal poison if not treated right away. There are three basic types of venom Hemotoxic, Cytotoxic, and neurotoxic. the first effects cardiovascular system the second effects the muscles and the last effects the brain and nervous system. The venom is a mixture of proteins and enzymes. When bitten by a snake with hemotoxic venom it typically acts to lower blood pressure and encourage blood clotting. When bitten by a snake with Cytotoxic venom it is designed to cause tissue damage and spread through out the body. And when bitten by a snake with  a neurotoxic venom it is designed to shut down the nervous system and the brain most the time causing paralysis or lack of muscle movement.



InfoProvided By: http://www.wisegeek.com/how-does-snake-venom-affect-the-human-body.htm

Plants and animal cells

Plant cells and animal cells both have a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. But in a plant cells it has a cell wall and it has chloroplast that is unique to just plant cells. A plant cell use lights rays from the sun to create sugars that provide the plant with nutrients. With an animal cell it has Centrosome which divids the cells, and Centriolise. Animal cells cant use light like plant cells do instead it relies on individual cells to break down nutrients that is absorbed into the body.

Fluid Mosaic modle

In this project i didn't really understand how the cells worked. I didn't understand what the different proteins were and what they did but now i know.The different proteins in this cells are integral and peripheral proteins, integral proteins are hydrophobic and peripheral proteins are hydrophilic. After reading and doing our experiments in the class room i  came to under stand how this worked, a little better than i did before. one lets negative ions pass and the other lets positive ions pass. phospholipids are like the shell of the cell they cover the entire cell and  have little tentacles to grab on to  each other with and they connect the cell. That is all i have for today.

C map