Biology: Evolution Take-Home Essay Exam
In no more than 8 double-spaced word-processed pages, answer the following question in a well-organized essay:
Explain evolution of species. Your answer should include a detailed description of how new species arise and how existing species change over time. Make sure you refer to the contributions of early theorists such as Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Include a discussion of microevolution and the evidence that exists that organisms have evolved and are evolving over time. Discuss which types of evidence for evolution you find most convincing.
Required elements:
1. Includes discussion of early theories from Lamarck, Darwin, and other early evolutionary philosophers. - 10pts max
Lamarck was the first scientist who confidently publicly stated his views and ideas on the process that lead to biological change. He full name was Jean-Baptist Chevalier de Lamarck. He stated and believed that microscope organism appear spontaneously from inanimate materials and then transmuted (evolved) into to more complex forms, through the constant strive for perfection. He thought that the ultimate product of this goal was to be humans. He believed the evolution was mostly due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics as creatures adapt to their environments. This means he thought that evolution occurs when an organism uses a body part in such a way that it is alters during its life time and this change is then inherited by its off spring.
Darwin was also an evolutionist but he wasn't very open about his ideas. His fully name was Eramus Darwin. He was a physician, poet, and amateur scientist. He believed that evolution has occurred in living things including humans, he only had rather fuzzy idea about the possibilities for these change. But also suggested that the earth and life on it must have been evolving for millions of ages before the commencement of the history of mankind. He wrote his ideas about evolution in poes and relatively obscure two volume scientific publication. Named Zoonomia, or laws of organic change.
2. Includes a discussion of microevolutionary mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift, migration, and natural selection. - 10 pts max
Microevolution mechanismms are mutation, genetic drift, migration and natural selection. Mutation is when you have one species that breeds and happens to have an of gene that cause there of spring to have an ad normal trait that the mother and father didn't have.Genetic Drift is when a group of species with random luck has a specifies kind of gene that slowly starts to show more in the off spring. Migration is when a species moves on to new places and slowly becomes dominant in that area. Natural selection is when there is a predator that picks of a species that shows more colors then the other For example if there are green brown beetles the green ones get ate more frequently then brown cause brown ones are more hidden.
3. Includes a discussion of the evidence for evolution including the fields of biochemistry/DNA, embryology, the fossil record, and comparative morphology. -10 pts max
To study in the field of bio chemistry is the same as saying you study the chemical processes in living organisms, but not limited to living matter. This chemistry kind of governs all living organisms and the living process. And much of bio chemistry deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins , carbohydrates lipids and other bio molecules. Embryology is a science which is about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage. After clevage, the dividing cells, morula, becomes a hollow ball, or blastula, which develops a hole or pore at one end. The fossil record is a standard approach to looking at fossil in geological columns is to assume lower is older. Since columns represent million years of earths history. The comparative morphology is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. Related to evolutionary biology.
4. Includes a discussion of your own opinion about which types of evidence (if any) convince you that species have changed over time.
-10pts max
I do believe that there is some evidence that there provides evidence that evolution happens. But i only belive that the changes that actually occur over time can only prove that through offspring certain generations take on new aspects like colors, hair, or eye colors and many different other traits . But we can not evolve to the extremes of being able to grow bigger heart through, endurance on some one heart and expect for the of spring to have bigger hearts. Or to have some one live in extreme colds needing more hair, the offspring's wouldn't have more hair or grow fur. But i do not believe any species have changed in such a way to create new kind of species. Just like plants you can have the same plant but get different breads of that that by pollination. And The offspring change a little but still hold the same traits as the previous plants.
5. The paper is well-written and flows naturally from one topic to the next. The paper has a bibliography that cites any sources quoted in the body of the paper. -10 pts max
Bibliography:
1. http://anthro.palomar.edu/evolve/evolve_1.htm
2. http://www.detectingdesign.com/fossilrecord.html
3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_morphology
4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry
5.http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/animations/dna_replication/index.html
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